Financial Management
Financial management is the process of planning, organizing, and controlling an organisation’s financial activities to achieve organizational goals.
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Markowitz Model of Risk-Return Optimization | Assumptions
Markowitz model is an optimal financial investment strategy to maximize the expected return for an investor while maintaining a desired level of risk. The Marko
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What is a Bond? Why are they issued?
Financial markets provide different instruments through which financing or borrowing of money takes place. Bonds are among the most popular financial instrument
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What is Financial Performance Measurement?
Financial performance measurement can be defined as a systematic approach to appraise the efficiency of management in an organisation to make profits, increase
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Hedge Fund Strategies in Finance
You’ve probably heard the term “hedge fund,” but what exactly is it, and how do these firms make money? Unlike traditional investment funds th
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Earnings Per Share | How to Calculate EPS?
Earnings per share (EPS) represents the proportion of a company’s net income assigned to each outstanding share of ordinary stock. Many financial professi
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Fundamental and Technical Analysis in the Stock Market
Stock markets can be an intimidating place, filled with complexity and uncertainty. To navigate them successfully as an investor, having an in-depth knowledge o
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The Payback Period Method of Investment Appraisal
The payback period is the amount of time it takes to recover the investment’s initial outlay. In other words, it is the amount of time it takes for the pr
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Net Present Value (NPV) Calculation With Example
The NPV method is based on the time value of money principle, which states that money is worth more today than it will be in the future. This is because money c
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What are various equity valuation methods?
The term equity valuation refers to the process of determining the fair market value of equity securities. In simpler terms, it’s figuring out what a comp
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Systematic and Unsystematic Risks in Finance
Risk is the probability of an individual or organization incurring a loss. Risk can be classified as market risk, credit risk, operational risk, liquidity risk,